Source code for simplestatistics.statistics.kurtosis

"""
Implements kurtosis() function.
"""

# I need sane division that returns a float not int
from __future__ import division

from .decimalize import decimalize
from .mean import mean
from .sum import sum # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin

[docs]def kurtosis(x): """ `Kurtosis`_ is a descriptor of the shape of a probability distribution. It is a measure of the "tailedness" of the probability distribution of a variable. .. _`Kurtosis`: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurtosis There are several ways of calculating kurtosis. See `this page`_ for a reference. .. _`this page`: http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/mult_pkg/faq/general/kurtosis.htm This function is an implementation of the formula found in Sheskin (2000), which is the one used by SPSS and SAS by default. Sheskin, D.J. (2000) *Handbook of Parametric and Nonparametric Statistical Procedures, Second Edition*. Boca Raton, Florida: Chapman & Hall/CRC. Equation: .. math:: \\frac{n(n+1)}{(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)}\\bigg{(}\\frac{s4}{V(x)^2}\\bigg{)} - 3 \\frac{(n-1)^2}{(n-2)(n-3)} Where :math:`s2 = \\sum(X-\\bar{X})^2` :math:`s4 = \\sum(X-\\bar{X})^4` :math:`V(x) = \\frac{s2}{n - 1}` Args: x: A list of numerical objects. This calculation requires **at least 4 observations**. Returns: A numerical object. Examples: >>> kurtosis([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) -1.1999999999999993 >>> kurtosis([1987, 1987, 1991, 1992, 1992, 1992, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1994, 1995]) 0.4466257157411544 >>> kurtosis(2) # no kurtosis for a single number/value >>> kurtosis([1, 2, 3]) # this kurtosis calculation requires at least 4 observations """ if type(x) in [int, float]: return(None) elif type(x) in [list, tuple] and len(x) < 5: return(None) n = len(x) mean_x = decimalize(mean(x)) s2 = sum([pow((value - mean_x), 2) for value in x]) s4 = sum([pow((value - mean_x), 4) for value in x]) vx = s2 / (n - 1) component1 = ((n * (n + 1)) / ((n - 1) * (n - 2) * (n - 3))) component2 = (s4 / pow(vx, 2)) component3 = (pow((n - 1), 2) / ((n - 2) * (n - 3))) return((component1 * component2) - (3 * component3))